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+# 性能优化指南
+
+本文档提供 Whale Town 项目的性能优化策略和最佳实践。
+
+## 🎯 优化目标
+
+### 性能指标
+- **帧率**: 保持60FPS稳定运行
+- **内存使用**: 控制在合理范围内
+- **加载时间**: 场景切换<2秒
+- **响应时间**: UI交互<100ms
+
+### 优化原则
+1. **测量优先** - 先测量再优化
+2. **渐进优化** - 逐步改进性能
+3. **平衡取舍** - 在质量和性能间平衡
+4. **用户体验** - 优化用户感知性能
+
+## 🔧 渲染优化
+
+### 纹理优化
+```gdscript
+# 使用合适的纹理格式
+# 小图标使用 RGBA8
+# 大背景使用 DXT1/DXT5
+# UI元素使用 RGBA4444
+
+# 纹理压缩设置
+func optimize_texture_import():
+    # 在导入设置中启用压缩
+    # 设置合适的最大尺寸
+    # 启用Mipmaps（3D纹理）
+    pass
+```
+
+### 批处理优化
+```gdscript
+# 合并相同材质的对象
+# 使用MultiMesh渲染大量相同对象
+func create_multimesh_instances():
+    var multimesh = MultiMesh.new()
+    multimesh.transform_format = MultiMesh.TRANSFORM_2D
+    multimesh.instance_count = 100
+    
+    var mesh_instance = MeshInstance2D.new()
+    mesh_instance.multimesh = multimesh
+    add_child(mesh_instance)
+```
+
+### 视锥剔除
+```gdscript
+# 只渲染可见区域的对象
+func update_visibility():
+    var camera = get_viewport().get_camera_2d()
+    var screen_rect = get_viewport_rect()
+    
+    for child in get_children():
+        if child is Node2D:
+            var visible = screen_rect.intersects(child.get_rect())
+            child.visible = visible
+```
+
+## 💾 内存优化
+
+### 对象池模式
+```gdscript
+# ObjectPool.gd
+class_name ObjectPool
+extends Node
+
+var pools: Dictionary = {}
+
+func get_object(type: String) -> Node:
+    if not pools.has(type):
+        pools[type] = []
+    
+    var pool = pools[type]
+    if pool.size() > 0:
+        return pool.pop_back()
+    else:
+        return _create_new_object(type)
+
+func return_object(obj: Node, type: String):
+    obj.reset()  # 重置对象状态
+    pools[type].append(obj)
+
+func _create_new_object(type: String) -> Node:
+    match type:
+        "Bullet":
+            return preload("res://prefabs/Bullet.tscn").instantiate()
+        "Enemy":
+            return preload("res://prefabs/Enemy.tscn").instantiate()
+        _:
+            return null
+```
+
+### 资源管理
+```gdscript
+# ResourceManager.gd
+class_name ResourceManager
+extends Node
+
+var loaded_resources: Dictionary = {}
+var resource_usage: Dictionary = {}
+
+func load_resource(path: String) -> Resource:
+    if loaded_resources.has(path):
+        resource_usage[path] += 1
+        return loaded_resources[path]
+    
+    var resource = load(path)
+    loaded_resources[path] = resource
+    resource_usage[path] = 1
+    return resource
+
+func unload_resource(path: String):
+    if resource_usage.has(path):
+        resource_usage[path] -= 1
+        if resource_usage[path] <= 0:
+            loaded_resources.erase(path)
+            resource_usage.erase(path)
+```
+
+### 内存监控
+```gdscript
+# MemoryMonitor.gd
+extends Node
+
+func _ready():
+    # 每秒检查一次内存使用
+    var timer = Timer.new()
+    timer.wait_time = 1.0
+    timer.timeout.connect(_check_memory)
+    add_child(timer)
+    timer.start()
+
+func _check_memory():
+    var memory_usage = OS.get_static_memory_usage_by_type()
+    var total_memory = OS.get_static_memory_peak_usage()
+    
+    print("内存使用: ", memory_usage / 1024 / 1024, "MB")
+    print("峰值内存: ", total_memory / 1024 / 1024, "MB")
+    
+    # 内存使用过高时触发垃圾回收
+    if total_memory > 200 * 1024 * 1024:  # 200MB
+        print("触发垃圾回收")
+        # 清理不必要的资源
+        _cleanup_resources()
+
+func _cleanup_resources():
+    # 清理缓存
+    # 卸载未使用的资源
+    # 强制垃圾回收
+    pass
+```
+
+## ⚡ 脚本优化
+
+### 避免频繁计算
+```gdscript
+# ❌ 错误示例：每帧计算
+func _process(delta):
+    var distance = global_position.distance_to(target.global_position)
+    if distance < 100:
+        attack_target()
+
+# ✅ 正确示例：缓存计算结果
+var cached_distance: float = 0.0
+var distance_update_timer: float = 0.0
+
+func _process(delta):
+    distance_update_timer += delta
+    if distance_update_timer >= 0.1:  # 每100ms更新一次
+        cached_distance = global_position.distance_to(target.global_position)
+        distance_update_timer = 0.0
+    
+    if cached_distance < 100:
+        attack_target()
+```
+
+### 优化循环
+```gdscript
+# ❌ 错误示例：嵌套循环
+func find_nearest_enemy():
+    var nearest = null
+    var min_distance = INF
+    
+    for enemy in enemies:
+        for player in players:
+            var distance = enemy.global_position.distance_to(player.global_position)
+            if distance < min_distance:
+                min_distance = distance
+                nearest = enemy
+
+# ✅ 正确示例：优化算法
+func find_nearest_enemy():
+    var player_pos = player.global_position
+    var nearest = null
+    var min_distance = INF
+    
+    for enemy in enemies:
+        var distance = enemy.global_position.distance_squared_to(player_pos)
+        if distance < min_distance:
+            min_distance = distance
+            nearest = enemy
+```
+
+### 事件优化
+```gdscript
+# 使用信号代替轮询
+# ❌ 错误示例：轮询检查
+func _process(delta):
+    if player.health <= 0:
+        game_over()
+
+# ✅ 正确示例：事件驱动
+func _ready():
+    player.health_changed.connect(_on_health_changed)
+
+func _on_health_changed(new_health: int):
+    if new_health <= 0:
+        game_over()
+```
+
+## 🎮 游戏逻辑优化
+
+### 状态机优化
+```gdscript
+# StateMachine.gd
+class_name StateMachine
+extends Node
+
+var current_state: State
+var states: Dictionary = {}
+
+func change_state(state_name: String):
+    if current_state:
+        current_state.exit()
+    
+    current_state = states[state_name]
+    current_state.enter()
+
+func _process(delta):
+    if current_state:
+        current_state.update(delta)
+```
+
+### AI优化
+```gdscript
+# EnemyAI.gd
+extends Node
+
+var update_interval: float = 0.2  # 每200ms更新一次AI
+var update_timer: float = 0.0
+
+func _process(delta):
+    update_timer += delta
+    if update_timer >= update_interval:
+        update_ai()
+        update_timer = 0.0
+
+func update_ai():
+    # AI逻辑更新
+    # 路径寻找
+    # 决策制定
+    pass
+```
+
+### 碰撞检测优化
+```gdscript
+# 使用空间分区优化碰撞检测
+class_name SpatialGrid
+extends Node
+
+var grid_size: int = 64
+var grid: Dictionary = {}
+
+func add_object(obj: Node2D):
+    var grid_pos = Vector2(
+        int(obj.global_position.x / grid_size),
+        int(obj.global_position.y / grid_size)
+    )
+    
+    if not grid.has(grid_pos):
+        grid[grid_pos] = []
+    
+    grid[grid_pos].append(obj)
+
+func get_nearby_objects(pos: Vector2) -> Array:
+    var grid_pos = Vector2(
+        int(pos.x / grid_size),
+        int(pos.y / grid_size)
+    )
+    
+    var nearby = []
+    for x in range(-1, 2):
+        for y in range(-1, 2):
+            var check_pos = grid_pos + Vector2(x, y)
+            if grid.has(check_pos):
+                nearby.append_array(grid[check_pos])
+    
+    return nearby
+```
+
+## 🌐 网络优化
+
+### 数据压缩
+```gdscript
+# NetworkManager.gd
+func send_player_data(data: Dictionary):
+    # 只发送变化的数据
+    var delta_data = get_changed_data(data)
+    
+    # 压缩数据
+    var compressed = compress_data(delta_data)
+    
+    # 发送数据
+    send_to_server(compressed)
+
+func compress_data(data: Dictionary) -> PackedByteArray:
+    var json_string = JSON.stringify(data)
+    var bytes = json_string.to_utf8_buffer()
+    return bytes.compress(FileAccess.COMPRESSION_GZIP)
+```
+
+### 批量更新
+```gdscript
+# 批量发送网络更新
+var pending_updates: Array = []
+var update_timer: float = 0.0
+
+func _process(delta):
+    update_timer += delta
+    if update_timer >= 0.05:  # 每50ms发送一次
+        if pending_updates.size() > 0:
+            send_batch_updates(pending_updates)
+            pending_updates.clear()
+        update_timer = 0.0
+
+func queue_update(update_data: Dictionary):
+    pending_updates.append(update_data)
+```
+
+## 📊 性能监控
+
+### FPS监控
+```gdscript
+# FPSMonitor.gd
+extends Control
+
+@onready var fps_label: Label = $FPSLabel
+var fps_history: Array = []
+
+func _process(delta):
+    var current_fps = Engine.get_frames_per_second()
+    fps_history.append(current_fps)
+    
+    if fps_history.size() > 60:  # 保留60帧历史
+        fps_history.pop_front()
+    
+    var avg_fps = 0
+    for fps in fps_history:
+        avg_fps += fps
+    avg_fps /= fps_history.size()
+    
+    fps_label.text = "FPS: %d (平均: %d)" % [current_fps, avg_fps]
+    
+    # FPS过低时警告
+    if avg_fps < 30:
+        modulate = Color.RED
+    elif avg_fps < 50:
+        modulate = Color.YELLOW
+    else:
+        modulate = Color.WHITE
+```
+
+### 性能分析器
+```gdscript
+# Profiler.gd
+class_name Profiler
+extends Node
+
+var timers: Dictionary = {}
+
+func start_timer(name: String):
+    timers[name] = Time.get_time_dict_from_system()
+
+func end_timer(name: String) -> float:
+    if not timers.has(name):
+        return 0.0
+    
+    var start_time = timers[name]
+    var end_time = Time.get_time_dict_from_system()
+    
+    var duration = (end_time.hour * 3600 + end_time.minute * 60 + end_time.second) - \
+                  (start_time.hour * 3600 + start_time.minute * 60 + start_time.second)
+    
+    timers.erase(name)
+    return duration
+
+# 使用示例
+func expensive_function():
+    Profiler.start_timer("expensive_function")
+    
+    # 执行耗时操作
+    for i in range(10000):
+        pass
+    
+    var duration = Profiler.end_timer("expensive_function")
+    print("函数执行时间: ", duration, "秒")
+```
+
+## 🛠️ 调试工具
+
+### 性能调试面板
+```gdscript
+# DebugPanel.gd
+extends Control
+
+@onready var memory_label: Label = $VBox/MemoryLabel
+@onready var fps_label: Label = $VBox/FPSLabel
+@onready var objects_label: Label = $VBox/ObjectsLabel
+
+func _process(delta):
+    # 更新内存使用
+    var memory = OS.get_static_memory_usage_by_type()
+    memory_label.text = "内存: %.1f MB" % (memory / 1024.0 / 1024.0)
+    
+    # 更新FPS
+    fps_label.text = "FPS: %d" % Engine.get_frames_per_second()
+    
+    # 更新对象数量
+    var object_count = get_tree().get_node_count()
+    objects_label.text = "对象数: %d" % object_count
+```
+
+### 热点分析
+```gdscript
+# HotspotAnalyzer.gd
+extends Node
+
+var function_calls: Dictionary = {}
+var function_times: Dictionary = {}
+
+func profile_function(func_name: String, callable: Callable):
+    var start_time = Time.get_time_dict_from_system()
+    
+    callable.call()
+    
+    var end_time = Time.get_time_dict_from_system()
+    var duration = (end_time.hour * 3600 + end_time.minute * 60 + end_time.second) - \
+                  (start_time.hour * 3600 + start_time.minute * 60 + start_time.second)
+    
+    if not function_calls.has(func_name):
+        function_calls[func_name] = 0
+        function_times[func_name] = 0.0
+    
+    function_calls[func_name] += 1
+    function_times[func_name] += duration
+
+func print_profile_report():
+    print("=== 性能分析报告 ===")
+    for func_name in function_calls.keys():
+        var calls = function_calls[func_name]
+        var total_time = function_times[func_name]
+        var avg_time = total_time / calls
+        
+        print("%s: 调用%d次, 总时间%.3fs, 平均%.3fs" % [func_name, calls, total_time, avg_time])
+```
+
+## 📚 最佳实践
+
+### 开发阶段
+1. **早期优化** - 在设计阶段考虑性能
+2. **渐进开发** - 逐步添加功能并测试性能
+3. **定期测试** - 定期进行性能测试
+4. **文档记录** - 记录性能优化决策
+
+### 测试阶段
+1. **多设备测试** - 在不同性能设备上测试
+2. **压力测试** - 测试极限情况下的性能
+3. **长时间测试** - 测试内存泄漏和性能衰减
+4. **用户测试** - 收集真实用户的性能反馈
+
+### 发布阶段
+1. **性能监控** - 监控线上性能指标
+2. **快速响应** - 快速修复性能问题
+3. **持续优化** - 根据数据持续优化
+4. **版本对比** - 对比不同版本的性能表现
+
+## 🔍 常见问题
+
+### Q: 如何识别性能瓶颈？
+A: 使用Godot的内置分析器，添加自定义性能监控，分析FPS和内存使用情况。
+
+### Q: 内存使用过高怎么办？
+A: 检查资源加载，使用对象池，及时释放不需要的对象，优化纹理大小。
+
+### Q: 如何优化大量对象的渲染？
+A: 使用MultiMesh批处理，实现视锥剔除，使用LOD系统，合并相同材质的对象。
+
+### Q: 网络延迟如何优化？
+A: 减少网络请求频率，压缩传输数据，使用预测和插值，实现客户端预测。
+
+---
+
+**记住：性能优化是一个持续的过程，需要在开发的各个阶段都保持关注！**
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